Handfish belong to the family Brachionichthyidae, a group of benthic marine fishes known for their distinctive method of locomotion—using their pectoral fins to “walk” rather than swim.
They are closely related to anglerfish and are primarily found in southeastern Australia and around Tasmania.
There are about 14 recognized species of handfish, including the spotted handfish (Brachionichthys hirsutus), which is one of the most critically endangered marine species in the world.
According to Australia's Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, the spotted handfish population has declined drastically, with only a few small groups remaining in the wild.
Their threats include habitat destruction, pollution, and invasive species such as the Northern Pacific seastar (Asterias amurensis), which preys on handfish eggs.
Because of their limited distribution, low reproductive rates, and inability to swim well, handfish are especially vulnerable to environmental changes.
Conservation efforts, including captive breeding and habitat restoration, are ongoing but challenging due to the rarity and sensitivity of these fish.
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